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2nd Exhibition Hall

The 2nd Exhibition Hall is The 2nd Exhibition Hall is dedicated to the display and classification of rocks comprising the Earth’s crust, to building stones, rock textures and geological structures, meteorites, brilliant and beautifully shaped minerals, gem stones, and fluorescent minerals. Also included are a corner concerned with the utilization of minerals and a video room.

Primitive Earth and Rock Cycle Primitive Earth and Rock Cycle Primitive Earth and Rock Cycle About 4.6 billion years ago, the primitive Earth was born as a result of the collision and aggregation of numerous planetesimals drifting around the coeval primordial sun.
Rock and Plate Tectonics Rock and Plate Tectonics Rock and Plate Tectonics Rocks refer to either a solidified natural aggregate of one or more minerals, or a solid body of undifferentiated mineral matter or of solid organic material.
Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are formed by cooling and solidification of molten material, magma, rising upward from the Earth's interior due to the density difference...
Mantle Xenolith Mantle Xenolith Mantle Xenolith Mantle xenoliths are clasts of upper mantle rocks entrained within rapidly rising alkali basalt magmas, parent materials of alkali basalt, kimberlite and lamprophyre.
Volcanism Volcanism Volcanism Volcanic activity refers to eruption of magmas to the earth surface and occurs usually around unstable plate boundaries. Volcanic activity, together...
Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of small particles (sediments) derived by the weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks at the Earth’s surface...
Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are formed from preexisting rocks by subjection to high temperatures and pressures at depth in the Earth's crust, resulting in new mineral assemblage and texture.
Age Dating Age Dating Age Dating There are two main methods determining the age of rocks, relative dating and absolute dating. In the past, relative dating was frequently applied to date age...
Utilization of Rocks Utilization of Rocks Utilization of Rocks Rocks have been used in various ways since the appearance of mankind, their use being increasingly diversified with the advance of civilization.
Meteorites Meteorites Meteorites Meteorite is a general term used for all solid materials that have fallen to the Earth's surface from interplanetary space without being completely vaporized...
Geologic Structures Geologic Structures Geologic Structures Large-scale compressional pressures, experienced in orogenic movements, cause rock masses to be bent or broken (fractured). In the deep...
Petrologic Structures Petrologic Structures Petrologic Structures Ripple marks are here exposed on the surface of a sandstone bed of Cretaceous age. Ripple marks are an undulatory feature on a depositional surface...
Minerals : Definition Minerals : Definition Minerals : Definition Minerals are all around us in the natural world and are essential factors in making good quality modern-day life possible. However, we generally live without noticing the existence...
Distribution of Minerals Distribution of Minerals Distribution of Minerals Stones that we may encounter in the mountains or on construction sites are rocks, which are generally composed of minerals. For instance, minerals such as quartz, feldspar and...
Formation of Minerals Formation of Minerals Formation of Minerals Minerals are formed under a variety of conditions. When magma cools and solidifies, minerals can form sequentially. They can also form due to weathering...
Six Crystal Systems Six Crystal Systems Six Crystal Systems Crystals can be classified into 6 crystal systems according to their relative lengths and angles of crystal axes. They are isometric, hexagonal, tetragonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic.
Classification of Minerals(1.Native element, 2.Sulfides) Classification of Minerals(1.Native element, 2.Sulfides) Classification of Minerals(1.Native element, 2.Sulfides) According to the dominant anion or anion group, minerals are generally classified as follows...
Classification of Minerals(3.Oxides and Hydroxides, 4. Halides) Classification of Minerals(3.Oxides and Hydroxides, 4. Halides) Classification of Minerals(3.Oxides and Hydroxides, 4. Halides) Oxygen combines with one or more metals to form oxides. Oxides are grouped into simple and complex oxides.
Classification of Minerals(5.Carbonates, Nitrates and Borates) Classification of Minerals(5.Carbonates, Nitrates and Borates) Classification of Minerals(5.Carbonates, Nitrates and Borates) In general, carbonates are transparent, soft, soluble and lightly colored with a white streak. They tend to occur in oxidizing environments...
Classification of Minerals(6.Sulfates, Chromates, Tungstates and Molybdates) Classification of Minerals(6.Sulfates, Chromates, Tungstates and Molybdates) Classification of Minerals(6.Sulfates, Chromates, Tungstates and Molybdates) Sulfates can be subdivided into anhydrous and hydrous ones. Anhydrous sulfates are barite, celestite and anhydrite.
Classification of Minerals(7.Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates) Classification of Minerals(7.Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates) Classification of Minerals(7.Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates) Among these minerals, apatite is the most abundant, but the other minerals of this group...
Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-1) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-1) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-1) Silicates comprise over 90% of the earth's crust. Most rock-forming minerals are silicates, which are about 40% of all known minerals.
Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-2) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-2) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-2) Cyclosilicates contain rings of linked SiO4 tetrahedra and each SiO4 group shares two oxygens with adjoining tetrahedra...
Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-3) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-3) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-3) Phyllosilicates have SiO4 tetrahedra linked by sharing three of the four oxygens to form sheets, which result in a pseudohexagonal network based...
Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-4) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-4) Classification of Minerals(8.Silicates-4) Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals, which all have in common their eponymous asbestiform habit...
Physical and Chemical Properties of Minerals Physical and Chemical Properties of Minerals Physical and Chemical Properties of Minerals Minerals have their own specific physical and chemical properties that are dependent on compositions and combinations of constituent elements.
Fluorescent minerals Fluorescent minerals Fluorescent minerals When electrons in a mineral are excited by invisible short wavelength radiation, they are raised to higher energy levels. On reverting to their initial state...
Minerals and Human Life Minerals and Human Life Minerals and Human Life Gem minerals are cut and polished to be used as ornaments. Gems require beauty, rarity, durability, popularity and portability. Among these, beauty...
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